From: mk_thisisit
The Antimatter Problem
One of the most significant challenges in cosmology is explaining the observed abundance of matter and the apparent lack of antimatter in the universe [01:29:00]. The standard theory of elementary particles, also known as the Standard Model, does not fully account for this imbalance [01:42:00].
Origin and Imbalance
It is theorized that immediately following the Big Bang, an equal amount of matter and antimatter should have been created [01:52:00]. However, certain processes must have occurred, leading to a slight excess of matter over antimatter [02:02:00]. The precise nature of these processes remains unknown, even though experimental evidence suggests that equal amounts should exist [02:07:00].
Annihilation and Remnants
The excess matter then annihilated all the antimatter, a process which generated a vast number of photons, or light particles [02:22:00]. This annihilation explains why photons are significantly more abundant than other particles of normal matter in the universe [02:33:00]. The small residue of matter that remained after this annihilation constitutes all the matter we observe today [02:41:00].
Antimatter does not contribute to the expansion of the universe; rather, it is matter that causes this expansion [02:56:00], a principle derived from Friedman’s equations, which are Einstein’s cosmic equations of general relativity [04:13:00].
Quantum Production of Particles
New matter can be generated through the quantum production of particle-antiparticle pairs [06:08:00]. In extremely hot and dense conditions, such as those found during matter collapse, a significant amount of new matter can be created [06:17:00]. This phenomenon, where gravity, movement, and quantum theory interact to create new particles, is analogous to Hawking radiation [06:28:00].