From: lexfridman
Human consciousness and the fear of mortality are intricately tied, forming an essential part of the human condition. This article explores the perspectives of Sheldon Solomon and Ernest Becker, with insights from philosophers and psychologists, on why the fear of death is a central theme in human consciousness, behavior, and culture.
Overview
Sheldon Solomon, a social psychologist and philosopher, has extensively studied the role of death in life. He carried forward the ideas of Ernest Becker, suggesting that the fear of death is at the core of the human condition and a driver of human civilization [00:00:16]. Becker famously posited that the terror of death influences much of human behavior, often subconsciously [00:12:47].
Ernest Becker on Death
“It is our knowledge that we have to die that makes us human.” - Alexander Smith, as quoted by Ernest Becker.
The Role of Death in Human Life
According to Solomon, the uniquely human awareness of death, coupled with an unwillingness to accept it, serves as the primary impetus for much of what humans do, often without their awareness [00:05:58]. In this framework, consciousness of death influences human behavior by driving cultural and personal endeavors aimed at denying or transcending mortality [00:13:06].
Impact on Human Civilization
The insight from Becker’s work in “The Denial of Death” and Solomon’s subsequent research highlights that fear of death underlies many cultural expressions and structures of human society. It drives the creation of cultural worldviews, offering existential meaning and a sense of self-worth that protect against the terror of mortality [00:53:01].
Consciousness and Existential Reflection
Philosophers like Nietzsche and Heidegger have pondered the deep currents of human consciousness and its relationship with mortality. Nietzsche famously remarked on the dangers of first principles thinking relating to human mortality, warning of the abyss that, once gazed into, begins to gaze back [00:01:21].
Heidegger, particularly in his work “Being and Time,” describes consciousness as being laden with the awareness of mortality. He argues that recognizing death’s inevitability can lead to deeper existential reflection and personal growth [02:00:05].
The Philosophy of Death as Transformation
To lead a full life, philosophers and theologians suggest one must come to terms with death. This entails a transformation that embraces mortality as a fact of life rather than a source of perpetual fear. Embracing this awareness allows individuals to step away from the trivialities of existence and focus on meaningful pursuits [01:13:01].
Kierkegaard and Faith
Søren Kierkegaard proposed that confronting death anxiety might lead to a leap of faith—a genuine engagement with life that is not contingent solely upon cultural or religious constructs [01:19:35]. While Kierkegaard saw faith in religious terms, others see it as faith in life or human potential itself [01:33:01].
Conclusion
The discussion on human consciousness and fear of mortality underscores the need to consider how the acceptance of death can transform and enrich human lives. It highlights the potential for personal growth when individuals move beyond the fear of mortality to engage deeply with their existence.
The exploration of mortality continues to be a critical dialogue in psychology and philosophy, shaping how humans understand themselves and their place in the world. Through Solomon and Becker’s lenses, facing mortality enhances self-awareness and enriches the human experience, creating a pathway from fear to profound personal meaning.