From: hubermanlab
Understanding how colds and flu affect our brain and body is essential to properly manage these common illnesses. Dr. Andrew Huberman, professor of neurobiology and ophthalmology at Stanford School of Medicine, provides an insightful overview of this topic.
The Common Cold and Flu
When discussing colds and flu, it’s crucial to realize that both are driven by viruses, albeit different ones. The common cold is primarily caused by rhinoviruses, comprising over 160 different serotypes. This diversity explains why there isn’t a single cure for the cold and why individuals can catch multiple colds in a year [00:06:01].
Unlike the cold virus, the flu, known as influenza, can be classified into A, B, and C types, with subtypes like H1N1 based on surface proteins. The flu is less varied than the cold, which is why flu vaccines can be somewhat effective [00:18:06].
Pathophysiology: How Viruses Affect the Body
Nasal and Respiratory Symptoms
Both colds and flu lead to respiratory and nasal symptoms primarily due to how these viruses infect and reproduce. The infection begins in the mucosal linings, and symptoms like a stuffy or runny nose, sneezing, and congestion are defensive responses of the body [00:06:52].
Systemic Reaction and Body Malaise
Upon infection, the body’s immune system is activated, leading to inflammation and systemic symptoms like fever, fatigue, and malaise. These reactions not only serve to combat the virus but also manifest as bodily discomfort, causing a person to rest, which can help allocate more energy towards immune functions [01:19:49].
The Immune System: Defense Lines
The Innate Immune System
The innate immune system acts first, offering a generalized defense against infections. It involves chemicals and cells that respond non-specifically to pathogens [00:32:02].
The Adaptive Immune System
If the innate system can’t completely quell the virus, the adaptive system kicks in, creating antibodies tailored to specific pathogens. This system provides immunity memory, preventing reinfection by the same serotype [00:54:43].
Impact on the Brain
The interaction between colds, flu, and the brain is significant. Symptoms like lethargy, depression, and cognitive fog can be attributed to cytokine signals reaching the brain, specifically areas that regulate mood and sleep. The sleep architecture may change, often leading to increased need for sleep when fighting infections [01:18:44].
Management and Prevention
While colds and flu can’t be entirely avoided, several strategies can bolster the immune system. Adequate sleep, stress management, and nutrition play crucial roles. Specific supplements and behaviors, such as regular exercise under certain conditions, may fortify immune defense mechanisms and help reduce symptom severity [01:06:22].
Conclusion
Colds and flu simultaneously challenge the body’s physiological systems and the brain’s functioning. Understanding the complex interplay between viral pathogens, immune responses, and neural mechanisms offers insights into more effective prevention and treatment strategies. Adopting health-supportive habits can mitigate the impact of these illnesses, enhancing overall well-being.