From: hubermanlab
Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with the hormonal systems of organisms, leading to a variety of potential health impacts. These compounds are found in many everyday items, and their effects on human health, particularly related to reproductive health, have been the focus of extensive research.
What Are Endocrine Disruptors?
Dr. Shauna Swan, an expert in environmental medicine and public health, explains that endocrine disruptors are primarily man-made chemicals that can alter the functioning of hormones in the body. These include a wide range of compounds found in air, food, water supply, cosmetics, and household items that can impact hormonal activities in humans and animals. Hormones such as testosterone and estrogen and their receptors may be affected, leading to changes in reproductive biology and other health issues (hormones such as testosterone and estrogen) [(00:00:48)].
Effects on Reproductive Health
There is clear evidence that exposure to certain endocrine disruptors affects reproductive health, including a drop in fertility rates, testosterone levels, and sperm counts. Dr. Swan highlights the evidence from animal studies that show exposure to phthalates — a class of chemicals commonly used in plastics — can lead to incompletely masculinized genitals in male rats when exposure occurs in utero (exposure to certain endocrine disruptors) [(00:14:15)]. Moreover, human studies have replicated some of these results, showing altered anogenital distance in humans as a marker of fetal androgen exposure (anogenital distance in humans as a marker) [(00:24:00)].
Potential Long-term Health Impacts
Endocrine disruptors might not only affect reproductive biology but also have wider health implications. These chemicals can lead to developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune disorders in both humans and wildlife. Dr. Swan emphasizes the importance of understanding the exact timing and dose of exposure, as these factors critically determine the severity and type of impact on health (reproductive, neurological, and immune disorders) (00:08:35).
Sources of Endocrine Disruptors
These chemicals are ubiquitous in the environment. Key sources include:
- Plastics: Used in containers and as linings in cans, exposing consumers through their food and drinks (containers and as linings in cans) (01:16:16).
- Cosmetics and Personal Care Products: Often contain phthalates for color and scent stability
- Household Products: Detergents, cleaners, and other products that carry fragrances.
Mitigation and Reduction of Exposure
To minimize harmful exposure, individuals can take steps that include avoiding plastic containers, especially for food and drink; choosing fragrance-free cosmetics and household products; and being informed consumers who opt for organic and less processed items wherever possible. Dr. Swan also references ongoing research and initiatives for better regulation of these chemicals to safeguard public health (minimize harmful exposure) (01:16:00).
Staying Updated
Dr. Huberman and Dr. Swan urge the public to stay informed about the potential risks of endocrine disruptors and to follow guidelines and updates from scientific communities for the most effective personal and policy-level actions [01:50:48].
Future research aims to elucidate the full extent of the impact of endocrine disruptors and develop strategies for both prevention and remediation to safeguard human health. Understanding and addressing the risks associated with these chemicals may help reduce their adverse health effects and support overall well-being.